The scope of KEM encompasses all mining activities in the deeper subsurface (depth > 500 meter, as shown in figure) falling under the Dutch Mining Law:
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Production of gas, oil, geothermal energy, salts and coal
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Storage of fluids, gases, oil, thermal energy, energy residues, brine and other substances
KEM focuses on mining effects, whereby safety and quality of life are possibly at risk:
- Direct, physical effects of mining activities, such as seismicity, subsidence/upheaval and environmental effects of fluid leakage and migration
- Societal effects of mining activities (as of 2025), for individuals or groups.
Image: © TNO / TNO
Schematic picture of mining activities in the Dutch subsurface